In Beyond Good and Evil, Nietzsche takes up and expands on the ideas of his previous work, Thus Spoke Zarathustra. In doing so he attacks past philosophers for their alleged lack of critical sense and their blind acceptance of Christian premises in their consideration of morality. The work moves into the realm "beyond good and evil" in the sense of leaving behind the...
» The Kingdom of God is Within You
The Kingdom of God is Within You
Tolstoy, though known primarily as a novelist, was also a noted moral philosopher. In this book, he lays out a plan of society based on literal interpretations of certain Gospel texts. He argued that a truly Christian society would be rigorously non-violent: he advocated pacifism, nonresistance to violence, separation of church and state, and toleration. Since government inevitably uses force, he argued that the only ethical position was to have loyalty to no government, and maintained that "The time will come and is inevitably coming when all institutions based on force will disappear through their uselessness, stupidity, and even inconvenience becoming obvious to all."
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